Includes bibliographical references (p. 205-213) and index.

" Jack C. Richards is Head of the Department of English at the City University of Hong Kong. He has taught English as a second or foreign language and has trained teachers in many countries including Canada, the United States, Indonesia, and Hong Kong. He is the author and editor of many English language textbooks and teacher reference books, including Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching, The Language Teaching Matrix, and the basic course Interchange: English for International Communication. " (Back Cover).

" Charles Lockhart teaches at the City University of Hong Kong. He has taught English and trained teachers in Africa, the Middle East, Asia and the United States. He has also published articles in various ESL journals. " (Back Cover).

"Reflective Teaching in Second Language Classrooms introduces teachers to ways of exploring and reflecting upon their classroom experiences, using a carefully structured approach to self-observation and self-evaluation. Teachers are encouraged to collect data about their own teaching practices. The approach is not linked to a particular method, but rather can be applied to a variety of approaches and teaching situations and activities appropriate for group discussion or self-study." (Back Cover).

CONTENTS :

Introduction: Teacher development through exploring classroom processes

1. Approaches to classroom investigation in teaching
Journals
Lesson reports
Surveys and questionnaires
Audio or video recording of lessons
Observation
Action research
Appendixes

2. Exploring teachers' beliefs
The source of teachers' beliefs
Beliefs about English
Beliefs about learning
Beliefs about teaching
Beliefs about the program and the curriculum
Beliefs about language teaching as a profession
Follow-up activities
Appendixes

3. Focus on the learner
Learner belief systems
Cognitive styles
Learning strategies
Follow-up activities
Action research case study #1: Learner strategies
Appendixes

4. Teacher decision making
Planning decisions
Interactive decisions
Evaluative decisions
Follow-up activities
Action research case study #2: Negotiating course content with learners
Appendixes

5. The role of the teacher
The nature of roles
Roles reflecting institutional factors
Roles reflecting a teaching approach or method
Roles reflecting a personal view of teaching
Cultural dimensions of roles
Follow-up activities Action research case study #3: Renegotiating teacher-learner roles to increase student motivation

6. The structure of a language lesson
Openings
Sequencing
Pacing
Closure
Follow-up activities
Action research case study #4: Transitions during lessons
Appendixes

7. Interaction in the second language classroom
The teacher's action zone
Interactional competence
Learner interactional patterns
Grouping arrangements
Follow-up activities
Action research case study #5: Grouping arrangements in the classroom
Appendixes

8. The nature of language learning activities
Types of language learning activities
Dimensions of language learning activities
Follow-up activities
Action research case study #6: Student performance on learning activities
Appendix

9. Language use in the classroom
How teachers modify their language
Teachers' questions
Feedback
Learner language use in the classroom
Follow-up activities
Action research case study #7: Error correction