Crystal, David,  1941- <br/><br/>
The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language / 
David Crystal. 
 - 2nd ed. 
 - Cambridge, UK :  Cambridge University Press,  2003. 
 - vii, 499 p. :  ill. (some col.), maps ;  29 cm. 
<br/><br/> Previous ed.: 1997. 
<br/><br/>Includes appendices, glossary, references and indexes. 
<br/><br/>1. Modelling English PART 1: THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH 2. The origins of English 3. Old English<br/>  Early borrowings -- Runes -- The Old English corpus -- Literary texts -- The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle -- Spelling -- Sounds -- Grammar -- Vocabulary -- Late borrowings -- Dialects<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/> 4. Middle English<br/>  French and English<br/>  The transition from Old English<br/>  The Middle English corpus<br/>  Literary texts<br/>  Chaucer<br/>  Spelling<br/>  Sounds<br/>  Grammar<br/>  Vocabulary<br/>  Latin borrowings<br/>  Dialects<br/>  Middle Scots<br/>  The origins of Standard English 5. Early Modern English<br/>  Caxton<br/>  Transitional Texts<br/>  Renaissance English<br/>  The inkhorn controversy<br/>  Shakespeare<br/>  The King James Bible<br/>  Spelling and regularization<br/>  Punctuation<br/>  Sounds<br/>  Grammar<br/>  Vocabulary<br/>  The Academy debate<br/>  Johnson 6. Modern English<br/>  Transition<br/>  Grammatical trends<br/>  Prescriptivism<br/>  American English<br/>  Breaking the rules<br/>  Variety awareness<br/>  Scientific language<br/>  Literary voices<br/>  Dickens<br/>  Recent trends 7. World English<br/>  The New World<br/>  American dialects<br/>  Canada<br/>  Black English Vernacular<br/>  Australia<br/>  New Zealand<br/>  South Africa<br/>  South Asia<br/>  West Africa<br/>  East Africa<br/>  South-East Asia and the South Pacific<br/>  A world language<br/>  Numbers of speakers<br/>  Standard English<br/>  The future of English<br/>  English threatened and as threat Part II : ENGLISH VOCABULARY 8. The nature of the lexicon<br/>  Lexemes<br/>  The size of the English lexicon<br/>  Abbreviations<br/>  Proper names<br/>  The size of a person's lexicon 9. The sources of the lexicon<br/>  Native vocabulary<br/>  Foreign borrowings<br/>  Word-formation<br/>  Unusual structures<br/>  Lexical creation<br/>  Literary neologism 10. Etymology<br/>  Lexical history<br/>  Semantic change<br/>  Folk etymology<br/>  Place names<br/>  Surnames<br/>  First names<br/>  Nicknames<br/>  Nicknames<br/>  Object names<br/>  Eponyms 11. The structure of the lexicon<br/>  Semantic structure<br/>  Semantic fields<br/>  Dictionary and thesaurus<br/>  Collocations<br/>  Lexical predictability<br/>  Idioms<br/>  Synonyms<br/>  Antonyms<br/>  Hyponyms<br/>  Incompatibility<br/>  Other sense relations 12. Lexical dimensions<br/>  Loaded vocabulary<br/>  Taboo<br/>  Swearing<br/>  Jargon<br/>  Doublespeak<br/>  Political correctness<br/>  Catch phrases<br/>  Vogue words<br/>  Slogans<br/>  Graffiti<br/>  Slang<br/>  Quotations<br/>  Proverbs<br/>  Archaisms<br/>  Clichés  Last words Part III : ENGLISH GRAMMAR 13. Grammatical mythology<br/>  The nature of grammar<br/>  Knowing vs knowing about<br/>  Traditional grammar<br/>  Prescriptive grammar<br/>  The 20th-century legacy<br/>  The main branches of grammar 14. The structure of words<br/>  Morphology<br/>  Suffixation<br/>  Adjectives<br/>  Nouns<br/>  The apostrophe<br/>  Pronouns<br/>  Verbs 15. Word classes<br/>  Parts of speech<br/>  Traditional definitions<br/>  New classes<br/>  Nouns<br/>  Pronouns<br/>  Adjectives<br/>  Adverbs<br/>  Verbs<br/>  Prepositions<br/>  Conjunctions<br/>  Interjections 16. The structure of sentences<br/>  Spoken and written syntax<br/>  Types of sentence<br/>  Sentence structure<br/>  Sentence functions<br/>  Clause elements and types<br/>  Phrases<br/>  Noun phrases<br/>  Verb phrases<br/>  Multiple sentences<br/>  Abbreviations<br/>  Disjuncts and comment clauses<br/>  Reporting speech<br/>  Sentence information<br/>  Beyond the sentence Part IV : SPOKEN AND WRITTEN ENGLISH 17. The sound system<br/>  Phonetics and phonology<br/>  Vocal organs<br/>  Vowels<br/>  Consonants<br/>  Syllables<br/>  Connected speech<br/>  Prosody<br/>  Sound symbolism<br/>  Pronunciation in practice 18. The writing system<br/>  Graphetics and graphology<br/>  Typography<br/>  The alphabet<br/>  Properties of letters<br/>  Letter frequency<br/>  Letter distribution<br/>  Letter symbolism<br/>  Analysing handwriting<br/>  Grapethic variety<br/>  Spelling<br/>  Sources of irregularity<br/>  Spelling reform<br/>  Punctuation<br/>  The development of the writing system Part V: USING ENGLISH 19. Varieties of discourse<br/>  Structure vs. use<br/>  Pragmatic issues<br/>  The nature of discourse<br/>  Microlinguistic studies<br/>  Texts and varieties<br/>  Speech vs. writing<br/>  Mixed medium<br/>  Monologue and dialogue 20. Regional variation<br/>  Accent and dialect -- International and intranational -- Prescriptive attitudes -- Gender -- Occupation -- Religion -- Science -- Law -- Journalism -- Broadcasting -- Weather forecasting -- Sports commentary -- Advertising -- Restricted varieties -- New fashions -- New technologies<br/><br/> 22. Personal variation<br/>  Individual differences -- Deviance -- Word games -- Rule-breaking varieties -- The edges of language -- Jokes and puns -- Comic alphabets -- Variety humour -- Literary freedom -- Phonetics and phonology -- Graphetics and graphology -- Grammar and lexicon -- Discourse and variety -- Stylometry<br/><br/> 23. Electronic variation<br/>  Netspeak and its properties -- Lexical distinctivness -- Graphetic distinctivness -- Graphological distinctivness -- Grammatical distinctivness -- Discourse distinctivness<br/><br/> Part VI: LEARNING ABOUT ENGLISH 24. Learning English as a mother tongue<br/>  Child language acquisition -- Literacy -- Grammatical development -- Early words and sounds -- Reading and writing -- Insufficient language -- Language disability<br/><br/> 25. New ways of studying English<br/>  Technological revolution -- Corpus studies -- National and international corpora -- Dictionaries -- Innovations -- Sources and resources<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/> Appendices:<br/>  I Glossary<br/>  II Special symbols and abbreviations<br/>  III References<br/>  IV Further reading<br/>  V Index of linguistic items<br/>  VI Index of authors and personalities  VII Index of topics 
<br/><br/> "The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English language is one of the publishing phenomena of recent times. Rarely has a book so packed with accurate and well researched factual information been so widely read and popularly acclaimed. It has played a key role in the spread of general interest in language matters, generating further publications and broadcasting events for an avid audience. Its First Edition appeared in hardback in 1995 and a revised paperback in 1997. There have been numerous subsequent updated reprintings: but this Second Edition now presents an overhaul of the subject for a new generation of language-lovers and of teachers, students and professional English-users concerned with their own linguistic legacy. The book offers a unique experience of the English language, exploring its past, present and future. David Crystal systematically explains the history, structure, variety and range of uses of English worldwide, employing a rich apparatus of text, pictures, tables, maps and graphics. The length of the Second Edition has increased by 16 pages and there are 44 new illustrations, a new chapter, extensive new material on world English and Internet English, and a complete updating of statistics, further reading suggestions and other references throughout the book." (Book Cover) 
<br/><br/><label>ISBN: </label>052182348X (pbk) 0521530334 (pbk) 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>English language.<br/>English language.--Handbooks, manuals, etc.<br/>Encyclopaedias.<br/>Language & linguistics.