| 000 | 10237cam a2201897 a 4500 | ||
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| 999 |
_c2231 _d2231 |
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| 001 | 2282095 | ||
| 003 | CaMWISM | ||
| 005 | 20230608005141.0 | ||
| 008 | 990317s1999 enka b 001 0 eng | ||
| 010 | _a 99185113 | ||
| 020 | _a076196214X (pbk) | ||
| 022 | _29780761962144 (pbk) | ||
| 035 | _aocm40881933 | ||
| 040 |
_aDLC _beng _cDLC _dAEU _dJCRC |
||
| 050 | 0 | 0 |
_aQ180.55.M4 _bK86 1999 |
| 100 | 1 | _aKumar, Ranjit | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 |
_aResearch Methodology : _bA Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners / _cRanjit Kumar. |
| 260 |
_aLondon ; _bSage Publications, _c1999. |
||
| 300 |
_a276 p. : _bill. ; _c25 cm. |
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| 504 | _aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [269]-271) and index. | ||
| 505 | _a"Research Methodology will prove to be essential reading for undergraduates in many disciplines and for anyone new to research who is planning to undertake a research project for the first time. It is simple, assumes no prior knowledge and the theory is organised around the eight operational steps that constitute the research process. All the information required to carry out a step is provided at one place under important themes as shown below. | ||
| 505 |
_aResearch Methodology:
_tis a practical book - the organisation is operational in nature, follows a logical progression and is directly related to the practicalities of research; _tis easy to understand as difficult procedures are explained in a step-by-step manner; _tcontains several flow charts to summarise and effectively communicate information; _tcontains many examples to reinforce the book's practical application; and _thas a set of exercises to accompany each operational step to reinforce the concepts and to help to develop a research proposal." (Book Cover) |
||
| 505 | _aTABLE OF CONTENTS: | ||
| 505 | _aPreface | ||
| 505 | _aTables | ||
| 505 | _aFigures | ||
| 505 | _a1 Research: a way of thinking | ||
| 505 | _aResearch: a way of thinking | ||
| 505 | _aApplications of research | ||
| 505 | _aDefinitions of research | ||
| 505 | _aCharacteristics of research | ||
| 505 |
_aTypes of research _tApplication _tObjectives _tTypes of information sought |
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| 505 | _aParadigms of research | ||
| 505 | _aSummary | ||
| 505 | _a2 The research process: a quick glance | ||
| 505 |
_aThe research process: an eight-step model _tStep I: formulating a research problem _tStep II: conceptualising a research design _tStep III: constructing an instrument for data collection _tStep IV: selecting a sample _tStep V: writing a research proposal _tStep VI: collecting data _tStep VII: processing data _tStep VIII: writing a research report |
||
| 505 | _aSummary | ||
| 505 | _aStep I Formulating a research problem | ||
| 505 | _a3 Reviewing the literature | ||
| 505 |
_aReasons for reviewing the literature _tBring clarity and focus to your research problem _tImprove your methodology _tBroaden your knowledge base in your research area |
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| 505 |
_aProcedure for reviewing the literature _tSearch for existing literature _tReview the literature selected _tDevelop a theoretical framework _tDevelop a conceptual framework |
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| 505 | _aWriting up the literature reviewed | ||
| 505 | _aSummary | ||
| 505 | _a4 Formulating a research problem | ||
| 505 | _aThe research problem | ||
| 505 | _aThe importance of formulating a research problem | ||
| 505 | _aSources of research problems | ||
| 505 | _aConsiderations in selecting a research problem | ||
| 505 | _aSteps in the formulation of a research problem | ||
| 505 | _aThe formulation of objectives | ||
| 505 | _aEstablishing operational definitions | ||
| 505 | _aSummary | ||
| 505 | _a5 Identifying variables | ||
| 505 | _aThe definition of a variable | ||
| 505 | _aThe difference between a concept and a variable | ||
| 505 | _aConcepts, indicators and variables | ||
| 505 |
_aTypes of variable _tFrom the viewpoint of causation _tFrom the viewpoint of the study design _tFrom the viewpoint of the unit of measurement |
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| 505 |
_aTypes of measurement scales _tThe nominal or classificatory scale _tThe ordinal or ranking scale _tThe interval scale _tThe ratio scale |
||
| 505 | _aSummary | ||
| 505 | _a6 Constructing hypothesis | ||
| 505 | _aThe definition of a hypothesis | ||
| 505 | _aThe functions of a hypothesis | ||
| 505 | _aThe characteristics of a hypothesis | ||
| 505 | _aTypes of hypothesis | ||
| 505 | _aErrors in testing a hypothesis | ||
| 505 | _aSummary | ||
| 505 | _a6 Constructing hypothesis | ||
| 505 | _aThe definition of a hypothesis | ||
| 505 | _aThe functions of a hypothesis | ||
| 505 | _aThe characteristics of a hypothesis | ||
| 505 | _aTypes of hypothesis | ||
| 505 | _aErrors in testing a hypothesis | ||
| 505 | _aSummary | ||
| 505 | _aStep II Conceptualising a research design | ||
| 505 | _a7 The research design | ||
| 505 | _aThe definition of a research design | ||
| 505 | _aThe functions of a research design | ||
| 505 | _aSummary | ||
| 505 | _a8 Selecting a study design | ||
| 505 |
_aThe number of contacts _tThe cross-sectional study design _tThe before-and-after study design _tThe longitudinal study design |
||
| 505 |
_aThe reference period _tThe retrospective study design _tThe prospective study design _tThe retrospective-prospective study design |
||
| 505 |
_aThe nature of the investigation _tThe experimental study design _tSome other commonly used designs |
||
| 505 | _aSummary | ||
| 505 | _aStep III Constructing an Instrument for data collection | ||
| 505 | _a9 Selecting a method of data collection | ||
| 505 |
_aCollecting data using primary sources _tObservation _tThe interview _tThe questionnaire |
||
| 505 |
_aCollecting data using secondary sources _tProblems with using data from secondary sources |
||
| 505 | _aSummary | ||
| 505 | _a10 Collecting data using attitudinal scales | ||
| 505 | _aFunctions of attitudinal scales | ||
| 505 | _aDifficulties in developing an attitudinal scale | ||
| 505 |
_aTypes of attitudinal scale _tThe summated rating or Likert scale _tThe equal-appearing-interval or Thurstone scale _tThe cumulative or Guttman scale |
||
| 505 | _aThe relationship between attitudinal and measurement scales | ||
| 505 | _aSummary | ||
| 505 | _a11 Establishing the validity and reliability of a research instrument | ||
| 505 |
_aThe concept of validity _tTypes of validity |
||
| 505 |
_aThe concept of reliability _tFactors affecting the reliability of a research instrument _tMethods of determining the reliability of an instrument |
||
| 505 | _aSummary | ||
| 505 | _aStep IV Selecting a sample | ||
| 505 | _a12 Sampling | ||
| 505 | _aThe concept of sampling | ||
| 505 | _aSampling terminology | ||
| 505 | _aPrinciples of sampling | ||
| 505 | _aFactors affecting the inferences drawn from a sample | ||
| 505 | _aAims in selecting a sample | ||
| 505 |
_aTypes of sampling _tRandom/probability sampling designs _tNon-random/probability sampling designs _tThe 'mixed' sampling design |
||
| 505 | _aThe calculation of sample size | ||
| 505 | _aSummary | ||
| 505 | _aStep V Writing a research proposal | ||
| 505 | _a13 Writing a research proposal | ||
| 505 | _aThe research proposal | ||
| 505 | _aThe preamble/introduction | ||
| 505 | _aThe problem | ||
| 505 | _aThe objectives of the study | ||
| 505 | _aThe hypotheses to be tested | ||
| 505 | _aThe study design | ||
| 505 | _aThe setting | ||
| 505 | _aMeasurement procedures | ||
| 505 | _aSampling | ||
| 505 | _aAnalysis of data | ||
| 505 | _aStructure of the report | ||
| 505 | _aProblems and limitations | ||
| 505 | _aWork schedule | ||
| 505 | _aAppendix | ||
| 505 | _aSummary | ||
| 505 | _aStep VI Collecting data | ||
| 505 | _a14 Considering ethical issues in data collection | ||
| 505 | _aEthics | ||
| 505 | _aStakeholders in research | ||
| 505 |
_aEthical considerations concerning research participants _tCollecting information _tSeeking consent _tProviding incentives _tSeeking sensitive information _tThe possibility of causing harm to participants _tMaintaining confidentiality |
||
| 505 |
_aEthical issues relating to the researcher _tAvoiding bias _tProvision or deprivation of a treatment _tUsing appropriate research methodology _tCorrect reporting _tUsing information |
||
| 505 |
_aEthical considerations regarding the sponsoring organisation _tRestrictions imposed by the sponsoring organisation _tThe use of information |
||
| 505 |
_aSummary _aStep VII Processing data |
||
| 505 | _a15 Processing | ||
| 505 | _aEditing data | ||
| 505 |
_aCoding data _tDeveloping a code book _tPre-testing a code book _tCoding the data _tVerifying of coded data |
||
| 505 |
_aDeveloping a frame of analysis _tFrequency distributions _tCross tabulations _tConstructing the main concepts _tStatistical procedures |
||
| 505 | _aAnalysing data | ||
| 505 | _aThe role of computers in research | ||
| 505 | _aThe role of statistics in research | ||
| 505 | _aSummary | ||
| 505 | _a16 Displaying data | ||
| 505 |
_aTables _tStructure _tTypes of tables _tTypes of percentages |
||
| 505 |
_aGraphs _tThe histogram _tThe bar chart _tThe stacked bar chart _tThe 100 per cent bar chart _tThe frequency polygon _tThe cumulative frequency polygon _tThe stem-and-leaf display _tThe pie chart _tThe line diagram or trend curve _tThe area chart _tThe scattergram |
||
| 505 | _aSummary | ||
| 505 | _aStep VIII Writing a research report | ||
| 505 | _a17 Writing a research report | ||
| 505 | _aResearch writing in general | ||
| 505 | _aReferencing | ||
| 505 | _aWriting a bibliography | ||
| 505 | _aDeveloping an outline | ||
| 505 | _aWriting about a variable | ||
| 505 | _aSummary | ||
| 505 | _aAppendix | ||
| 505 | _aReferences | ||
| 505 | _aIndex | ||
| 650 | 0 |
_aResearch _xMethodology. |
|
| 856 |
_uhttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/research-methodology/book257990 _zPublisher's Website (5th ed.). |
||
| 856 |
_uhttps://ocul-uo.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01OCUL_UO/gege1p/alma991010887439705161 _zCheck the UO Library catalog. |
||
| 942 |
_2z _cBK |
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